Methodology · Version 3.0

How the index is built

The index is designed to make its judgments visible: what is measured, how much each area counts, where the data come from and where the limitations are.

“How much does the state where a woman lives support or hinder her legal autonomy, economic security, health, safety and practical opportunity to live independently?”
Weighting and differing priorities

Not every user will value each domain the same way

Some areas in the index, including reproductive policy, are politically contested. They are included because state law materially changes access, legal autonomy or measurable outcomes, not because the index assumes every woman gives them the same importance. The published ranking uses a documented set of default weights, and the personalized tool allows users to raise, lower or remove the influence of individual domains.

The 100-point framework

The 11 domains and measures included in the index

The score combines direct measures, source rankings, proxies and scores carried forward from V2. The descriptions below state what the current workbook can support and identify the domains whose original source trail is incomplete.

20%

Reproductive & bodily autonomy

Laws and access related to pregnancy, abortion, medication abortion and reproductive healthcare, including whether women can make and act on reproductive healthcare decisions.

  • Abortion legality and gestational restrictions
  • Medication-abortion access
  • Medicaid coverage of abortion
  • Reproductive shield-law protections
  • Other restrictions that materially affect access
Policies associated with stronger scores include: protecting legal access, reducing medically unnecessary barriers, covering care for low-income residents and protecting clinicians and patients from hostile out-of-state actions.
18%

Economic equality & financial security

Women's earnings relative to men's earnings, plus a smaller economic score carried forward from V2.

  • Female-to-male earnings ratio for full-time, year-round workers: 45%
  • Female-to-male earnings ratio across all workers: 25%
  • Inherited V2 economic score: 30%
Interpret with care: the wage inputs are directly sourced. The original source chain for the inherited V2 score is not preserved in the current workbook.
12%

Childcare & early-childhood support

A carried-forward V2 childcare score plus a 2025 assistance-system stability measure.

  • Inherited V2 childcare score: 75%
  • Waiting-list or enrollment-freeze deterioration: 25%
Interpret with care: the assistance measure is documented. The original source chain for the inherited V2 score is not preserved in the current workbook.
10%

Women's healthcare access & outcomes

The Commonwealth Fund's 2024 state ranking for women’s health and reproductive care.

  • Source composite covers access, quality, outcomes and reproductive care
  • State rank is linearly converted to a 0–100 score
Interpret with care: this domain uses the source ranking, not each underlying health indicator independently.
10%

Workplace rights & enforcement

Oxfam America's 2025 Best States for Working Women policy ranking.

  • Wage policies
  • Worker-protection policies
  • Rights to organize
  • State rank is converted to 0–100
Interpret with care: the model uses Oxfam's composite rank, so the index does not independently rescore every workplace law.
8%

Paid leave & caregiving infrastructure

A state leave/care score carried forward from V2.

  • One inherited state score supplies 100% of this domain
  • The original indicators, source date and transformation are not preserved in the V3 workbook
Interpret with care: this domain needs a restored source chain before its result can be independently reproduced.
8%

Safety & protection from gender-based violence

A carried-forward V2 safety score plus one current domestic-violence firearm policy.

  • Inherited V2 women’s-safety score: 70%
  • Firearm relinquishment for prohibited abusers under restraining orders: 30%
Interpret with care: the firearm input is documented. The original source chain for the inherited score is not preserved.
6%

Civil & legal equality

A state civil/legal score carried forward from V2.

  • One inherited state score supplies 100% of this domain
  • The original indicators, source date and transformation are not preserved in the V3 workbook
Interpret with care: the current workbook does not support the broader claims previously listed for this domain.
4%

Housing & independent-living security

An indirect economic proxy, not a direct measure of housing cost or housing protection.

  • Inherited V2 housing-independence score: 55%
  • All-worker female-to-male wage score: 45%
Interpret with care: this domain does not currently measure rent burden, housing supply or survivor housing protections.
2%

Political voice & democratic access

A state political score carried forward from V2.

  • One inherited state score supplies 100% of this domain
  • The original indicators, source date and transformation are not preserved in the V3 workbook
Interpret with care: the current workbook does not support a more specific claim about what this domain measures.
2%

Women's basic health needs

Two state menstrual-product policies.

  • Sales tax on menstrual products: 50%
  • Menstrual-product access in schools: 50%
Interpret with care: each yes/no input moves this small domain by 50 points, equal to one percentage point in the overall index.
A note on improvement

How to interpret domain scores

The domains carry different weights. A five-point gain in reproductive autonomy or economic equality has more effect on the overall index than a five-point gain in a 2% domain. The rankings page should therefore be read alongside the domain weights and underlying data.

Scoring process

How state scores are calculated

1

Use the source snapshot listed for each input

Policy inputs can be current to 2026; wage and health results lag. The Data page lists the edition actually used rather than implying every input is the latest available today.

2

Convert each input to a 0–100 score

Direct percentages are min-max normalized, legal categories receive published point values, and some outside composite rankings are linearly converted to 0–100.

3

Treat rank-derived scores as approximate

If source ranks 1 through 50 are converted to evenly spaced scores, adjacent score gaps are a modeling convenience. They do not show that real-world differences are equal.

4

Combine inputs within each domain

For example, the reproductive domain is 55% abortion legal environment and 15% each for shield laws, Medicaid coverage and medication-abortion access.

5

Apply domain weights and sum to 100

Each domain score is multiplied by its published weight. The weighted domains are added to produce the final state score.

6

Run sensitivity tests

Alternative rights-heavy, economics-heavy and family-support-heavy weighting scenarios show how much the result depends on the default assumptions.

What the index does not claim

How to interpret differences in rank

A difference of one or two positions does not prove one state is meaningfully better than another. The index is most useful for identifying tiers, tradeoffs and specific areas of strength or weakness.

Known limitations

Data years differ. Several domains use transformed source rankings rather than underlying measurements. Housing is an indirect economic proxy. Seven domains include scores carried forward from V2 without their original source chain in the V3 workbook. The weights, category points and proxy choices are editorial judgments, not an objective universal truth.

Transparency principle

How to customize the weighting

The personalized ranking tool preserves the published model as the default while letting users put more or less emphasis on any domain. That does not erase the methodology; it makes the normative choices explicit.